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FUN WITH ENGLISH

FUN WITH ENGLISH

...An English class with a variety of riddles and jokes, articles, exams

اديسون

 

اديسون در سنین پيري پس از كشف لامپ، يكي از ثروتمندان آمريكا به شمار ميرفت و درآمد سرشارش را تمام و كمال در آزمايشگاه مجهزش كه ساختمان بزرگي بود هزينه مي كرد...

اين آزمايشگاه، بزرگترين عشق پيرمرد بود. هر روز اختراعي جديد در آن شكل مي گرفت تا آماده بهينه سازي و ورود به بازار شود.

 

در همين روزها بود كه نيمه هاي شب از اداره آتش نشاني به پسر اديسون اطلاع دادند، آزمايشگاه پدرش در آتش مي سوزد و حقيقتا كاري از دست كسي بر نمي آيد و تمام تلاش ماموان فقط برای جلوگيري از گسترش آتش به ساير ساختمانها است!

آنها تقاضا داشتند كه موضوع به نحو قابل قبولي به اطلاع پيرمرد رسانده شود...

 

پسر با خود انديشيد كه احتمالا پيرمرد با شنيدن اين خبر سكته مي كند و لذا از بيدار كردن او منصرف شد و خودش را به محل حادثه رساند و با کمال تعجب ديد كه پيرمرد در مقابل ساختمان آزمايشگاه روي يك صندلي نشسته است و سوختن حاصل تمام عمرش را نظاره مي كند!!!

 

پسر تصميم گرفت جلو نرود و پدر را آزار ندهد. او مي انديشيد كه پدر در بدترين شرايط عمرش بسر مي برد.

 

ناگهان پدر سرش را برگرداند و پسر را ديد و با صداي بلند و سر شار از شادي گفت: پسر تو اينجايي؟ مي بيني چقدر زيباست؟!!  رنگ آميزي شعله ها را مي بيني؟!! حيرت آور است!!!

من فكر مي كنم كه آن شعله هاي بنفش به علت سوختن گوگرد در كنار فسفر به وجود آمده است! واي! خداي من، خيلي زيباست! كاش مادرت هم اينجا بود و اين منظره زيبا را مي ديد. كمتر كسي در طول عمرش امكان ديدن چنين منظره زيبايي را خواهد داشت! نظر تو چیست پسرم؟!!

 

پسر حيران و گيج جواب داد: پدر تمام زندگيت در آتش مي سوزد و تو از زيبايي رنگ شعله ها صحبت مي كني؟!!!!!!

چطور ميتواني؟! من تمام بدنم مي لرزد و تو خونسرد نشسته اي؟!

 

پدر گفت: پسرم از دست من و تو كه كاري بر نمي آيد. مامورين هم كه تمام تلاششان را مي كنند. در اين لحظه بهترين كار لذت بردن از منظره ايست كه ديگر تكرار نخواهد شد...!

در مورد آزمايشگاه و باز سازي يا نو سازي آن فردا فكر مي كنيم! الآن موقع اين كار نيست! به شعله هاي زيبا نگاه كن كه ديگر چنين امكاني را نخواهي داشت!!!

 

توماس آلوا اديسون سال بعد مجددا در آزمايشگاه جديدش مشغول كار بود و همان سال يكي از بزرگترين اختراع بشريت يعني ضبط صدا را تقديم جهانيان نمود. آري او گرامافون را درست يك سال پس از آن واقعه اختراع کرد...

روحش شاد

 

   
خواندنی
 

**پاسكال**

*آنقدر شكست مي‌خورم تا راه شكست دادن را بياموزم.

*** پطر كبير***

*انسان براي پيروزي آفريده شده است، او را ميتوان نابود كرد ولي نميتوان شكست داد.

***ارنست همينگوي***

*اگر بت‌ها را واژگون كرده باشي كاري نكرده‌اي، وقتي واقعاْ شهامت خواهي داشت كه خوي بت‌پرستي را در درون خويش از ميان برداري.

***نيچه***
*مرا دوست بدار،اندكي ولي طولاني!

***كريستوفر مارلو***

*خيال انگيز و جان پرور چو بوي گل سراپائي
نداري غير از اين عيبي كه مي‌داني كه زيبائي
**رهي معيري**

*شما ممكن است بتوانيد گلي را زير پا لگدمال كنيد، اما محال است بتوانيد عطر آنرا در فضا محو سازيد.

**ولتر؛ نويسنده فرانسوي**

*وقتي «قدرت عشق» بر «عشق به قدرت» غلبه كند، دنيا طعم صلح را مي چشد.

***جيمي هندريكس***

*اگر از كسي متنفري از قسمتي از خودت در او متنفري، چيزي كه از ما نيست نمي‌تواند افكار ما را مغشوش كند.

**هرمان هسه**

*شايد چالاك‌ترين انسان نباشم، شايد بالابلندترين يا نيرومندترين نباشم، شايد بهترين و زيرك‌ ترين نباشم، اما قادرم كاري را بهتر از ديگران انجام دهم و اين كار هنر خود بودن است.

***لئونارد نيموي***
*هيچوقت نمي‌توانيد با مشت گره‌كرده دست كسي را به گرمي بفشاريد.

***گاندي***
*براي تربيت اراده بهترين زمان ايام جواني است. ***فيثاغورث***

*كسي‌كه حفظ جان را مقدم بر آزادي بداند، لياقت آزادي را ندارد.

 ***بنجامين فرانكلين***

*وقتي انسان دوست واقعي دارد كه خودش هم دوست واقعي باشد.

**امرسون**

*هرگز مردي ولو بسيار نادان را نديدم كه از وي چيزي نتوانسته‌ام بياموزم.

***گاليله***
*زيبايي ناپايدار و فضيلت جاودانه است .

***گوته***
*مراقب باشيد چيزهايي را كه دوست داريد بدست‌آوريد وگرنه ناچار خواهيد بود چيزهايي را كه بدست آورده‌ايد دوست داشته‌باشيد.

***جرج برنارد شاو***
*من به هيچ وجه خدا را لمس نكردم، ولي خدايي كه قابل لمس باشد كه ديگر خدا نيست. اگر هر دعايي را هم اجابت كند، همينطور. همان‌جا بود كه براي نخستين بار حدس زدم كه عظمت دعا بيش از هر چيز در اين امر نهفته است كه پاسخي به آن داده نمي‌شود و زشتي سوداگري را به اين مبادله راهي نيست. اين را هم دريافتم كه آموختن دعا، آموختن سكوت است و عشق فقط از جايي شروع مي‌شود كه ديگر هيچ انتظاري براي گرفتن هيچ چيز وجود نداشته باشد. «عشق» تمرين «نيايش» است و «نيايش» تمرين «سكوت».

**دژ ـ آنتوان سنت اگزوپري**
*مردها را شجاعت به جلو مي‌راند و زنها را حسادت.

**برنارد شاو**

*زن زشت در دنيا وجود ندارد فقط برخي از زنان هستند كه نمي‌توانند خود را زيبا جلوه دهند.

**برنارد شاو**
*هيچ چيز بهتر از كار كردن بجاي غصه خوردن، آدمي را به خوشبختي نزديك نمي‌سازد.

*** موريس مترلينگ***

*يا چنان نماي كه هستي، يا چنان باش كه مي‌نمايي.

**بايزيد بسطامي**
*شايد زندگي آن جشني نباشد که آرزويش را داشتي اما حال که به آن دعوت شده اي تا مي تواني زيبا برقص

*بدترين و خطرناكترين كلمات اينست:

 «همه اين جورند».

** تولستوي**
*نمي‌توانيم كاري كنيم كه مرغان غم بالاي سر ما پرواز نكنند اما مي‌توانيم نگذاريم كه روي سر ما آشيانه  بسازند

 

   
40 کار مفید  در کمتر از ۱۰ دقیقه می‌توانید انجام دهید 

 

بر اساس تحقیقاتی که در دانشگاه میشیگان صورت گرفته یک زندگی سالم به چهار امر مهم بستگی دارد:
۱- عدم استعمال دخانیات و مشروبات الکلی.
۲- پایین نگه داشتن وزن.
۳- تغذیه‌ی مناسب.
۴- ورزش.
جالب است بدانید از بین ۱۵۳۰۰۰ نفر مورد بررسی قرار گرفته شده فقط ۳ درصد همه‌ی چهار مورد بالا را رعایت می‌کردند.
اکثر مردم وقتی وارد زندگی بزرگسالی می‌شوند به دلیل مشغله های مختلف دچار عادت های بد و ناسالم می‌شوند. همه‌ی ما بار ها و بارها مقالاتی مثل همین را خوانده‌ایم و تصمیم گرفته‌ایم آنها را عملی کنیم ولی نکرده‌ایم.
ولی اگر هرگز شروع نکنیم مطمئن باشید ضرر بزرگی خواهیم کرد و بعد ها افسوس خواهیم خورد. چون زمان و سلامتی و جوانی دیگر هرگز باز نخواهند گشت.
آیا عاقلانه تر نیست با کمی غلبه بر احساس تنبلی چندین سال زندگی شادتر و سالم‌تری برای خود بسازیم؟
در زیر ۴۰ کار مفید برای سلامتی آورده شده که انجام دادن آنها حداکثر ده دقیقه طول خواهند کشید ، فکر می‌کنم برای شروع یک زندگی سالم خوب باشد:
۱- مسواک بزنید.
۲- ۱۵ تا بشین پاشو بروید.
۳- صاف بنشینید.
۴- یک سیب بخورید.
۵- سرخط های مربوط به سلامتی روزنامه ها را بخوانید.
۶- بایستید و کمی به بدنتان کش و قوس بدهید.
۷- ۱۰ بار وزن را از طرفین روی یکی از پاهایتان بیاندازید.
۸- یک لیوان آب بنوشید.
۹- لبخند بزنید.
۱۰- یک نقل قول خوب و روحیه بخش برای دوستانتان ارسال کنید.
۱۱- یک نفس عمیق بکشید.
۱۲- ده دقیقه زودتر از خواب بیدار شوید.
۱۳- کمربندتان را ببندید.
۱۴- دست هایتان را بشویید.
۱۵- به مادرتان تلفن کنید.
۱۶- یک دستور غذای خوب و سالم را به دوستانتان بدهید.
۱۷- خودکاری که نمی‌نویسد را دور بیاندازید.
۱۸- هنگام آگهی های بازرگانی تلویزیون ۱۰ تا شنا بروید.
۱۹- کمی فلفل به سالادتان اضافه کنید.
۲۰- کنترل تلویزیون را کمی دور بگذارید تا برای عوض کردن کانال بلند شوید.
۲۱- پنجره‌ای را باز کنید.
۲۲- نظری در یک وبلاگ بنویسید.
۲۳- فرزندانتان را بغل کنید.
۲۴- کمی کرم مرطوب کننده و ویتامینه به دستانتان بزنید.
۲۵- از کسی که لیاقتش را دارد تشکر کنید.
۲۶- لباس هایتان را برای فردا آماده کنید.
۲۷- یک بار به جای چای قهوه بنوشید.
۲۸- کلید هایتان را یک جای مشخص قرار دهید.
۲۹- نامه یا ایمیلی دوستانه برای یکی از دوستانتان بفرستید.
۳۰- به یک موسیقی آرامش بخش گوش دهید و ذهنتان را آزاد کنید.
۳۱- ۱۰ دقیقه استراحت کنید.
۳۲- میز کار و صفحه‌ی نمایشگرتان را تمیز کنید.
۳۳- پنج دقیقه Free Rice بازی کنید.
۳۴- یکی از دوستان خوبتان را برای یک شام سالم دعوت کنید.
۳۵- یک خوردنی برای فقیری تهیه کنید و به او بدهید.
۳۶- چشمانتان را ببندید و فکر کنید چه چیزهای خوبی در زندگی دارید.
۳۷- این مطلب را با دوستانتان به اشتراک بگذارید.
۳۸- دست و صورتتان را بشویید و ۳ دقیقه از پنجره به دوردست نگاه کنید. (برای چشم مفید است.)
۳۹- برای پرنده ها دانه بریزید.
۴۰- یکی از کار های بالا را همین حالا انجام دهید!
کار های بالا هر کدام به نحوی مفید هستند و باعث سلامتی جسمی ، اجتماعی ، روانی و… می‌شوند. انجام دادن هر کدام از آنها حداکثر ۱۰ دقیقه طول خواهد کشید. پس تنبلی را کنار بگذارید و همین الان چند تا را انتخاب کرده و انجام دهید مثلآ ابتدا لبخند بزنید سپس یک لیوان آب بنوشید سپس یک سیب را در حالی که از پنجره به بیرون نگاه می‌کنید بخورید.
   

INTERVIEW WITH GOD

گفتگو با خدا

 

I dreamed I had an interview with god.

خواب ديدم .در خواب با خدا گفتگويي داشتم .

God asked

خدا گفت :

So you would like to interview me

پس مي خواهي با من گفتگو کني؟

I said ,If you have the time

گفتم اگر وقت داشته باشيد.

God smiled

خدا لبخند زد.

My time is eternity

وقت من ابدي است.

What questions do you have in mind for me

چه سوالاتي در ذهن داري که مي خواهي از من بپرسي؟

What surprises you most about human kind

چه چيز بيش از همه شما را در مورد انسان متعجب مي کند؟

God answered

خدا پاسخ داد:

That they get bored with child hood

اين که آنها از بودن در دوران کودکي ملول مي شوند،

They rush to grow up and then ,

عجله دارند زودتر بزرگ شوند و بعد،

long to be children again

حسرت دوران کودکي را مي خورند.

That they lose their health to make money

اينکه سلامتشان را صرف به دست آوردن پول مي کنند ،

and then

و بعد

lose their money to restore their health

پولشان را خرج حفظ سلامتي مي کنند.

That by thinking anxiously about the future

اينکه با نگراني نسبت به آينده

They forget the present ,

، زمان حال را فراموش مي کنند.

such that they live in nether the present

آنچنان که ديگر نه در حال زندگي مي کنند ،

And not the future

نه در آينده

That they live as if they will never die

اين که چنان زندگي مي کنند که گويي ، نخواهند مرد.

and die as if they had never lived

وآنچنان مي ميرند که گويي هرگز نبوده اند.

God's hand took mine and

خداوند دستهاي مرا در دست گرفت

we were silent for a while

و مدتي هر دو ساکت مانديم.

And then I asked

بعد پرسيدم

As the creator of people

به عنوان خالق انسانها

What are some of life lessons you want them to learn

مي خواهيد آنها چه درسهايي از زندگي را ياد بگيرند ؟

God replied , with a smile

خداوند با لبخند پاسخ داد :

To learn they can not make any one love them

ياد بگيرند که نمي توان ديگران را مجبور به دوست داشتن خود
كرد

but they can do is let themselves be loved

اما مي توان محبوب ديگران شد.

T o learn that it is not good to compare themselves
to others

ياد بگيرند که خوب نيست خود را با ديگران مقايسه کنند

To learn that a rich person is not one who has the
most

ياد بگيرند که ثروتمند کسي نيست که دارايي بيشتري دارد.

but is one who needs the least

بلکه کسي است که نياز کمتري دارد.

To learn that it takes only a few seconds to open
profound wounds in persons we love

ياد بگيرند که ظرف چند ثانيه مي توانيم زخمي عميق، در دل
کساني که دوستشان داريم ايجاد کنيم،

, and it takes many years to heal them

ولي سالها وقت لازم خواهد بود تا آن زخم التيام يابد.

To learn to forgive by practicing for giveness 

با بخشيدن بخشش ياد بگيرند.

T o learn that there are persons who love them
dearly

ياد بگيرند کساني هستند که آنها را عميقا دوست دارند.

But simly do not know how to express or show
their feelings

اما بلد نيستند احساسشان را ابراز کنند يا نشان دهند.

T o learn that two people can look at the same
thing

ياد بگيرند که مي شود دو نفر به يک موضوع واحد نگاه کنند،

and see it differently

اما آن را متفاوت ببينند.

To learn that it is not always enough that they be
forgiven by others

ياد بگيرند که هميشه کافي نيست ديگران آنها را ببخشند.

The must forgive themselves

بلکه خودشان هم بايد خود را ببخشند.

And to learn that I am here

و ياد بگيرند که من اينجا هستم

ALWAYS

هميشه

   

رمز موفقيت در زندگي چيست؟

 
هر توفيق بزرگي ايجاب مي‌كند كه مسئوليت‌پذير باشيد. در تحليل نهايي، صفت مشترك همه آدم‌هاي موفق، توانايي در قبول مسئوليت است.
موفقيت در زندگي لازمه داشتن دانش بالا، ثروت زياد، قدرت و مقام اجتماعي نيست، بلكه موفقيت يعني خود باشيم، نه ديگري. موفقيت يعني شناخت ارجحيت‌هاي زندگي و عملكرد براساس آن. موفقيت يعني ساختن امروز براي فردايي بهتر. موفقيت، تجهيز امروز خود براي فرداي پربار است. موفقيت در زندگي به عوامل مختلفي بستگي دارد.

1- ايمان به موفقيت
كسي مي‌تواند به موفقيت برسد كه خواهان آن باشد و در وجود خود توان رسيدن به آن را بيابد و خودش را لايق رسيدن به موفقيت بداند و نسبت به تحقق آن اميدوار باشد. اين امر نياز به روي آوردن به افكار مثبت و طرد افكار منفي دارد.

2- تصميم و قاطعيت
يكي از رموز موفقيت مردان بزرگ، اراده قوي و عزم راسخ آنها بوده است. كساني كه از ميان موانع و مشكلات بگذرند و از تندباد حوادث به سلامتي عبور كنند به اهداف متعالي خود خواهند رسيد. چه بسا افرادي كه از امكانات خوبي برخوردارند ولي به دليل سستي اراده و عدم اعتماد به نفس و عدم قاطعيت در امور، از اتخاذ تصميم باز مانده و به ركود و شكست تن داده‌اند و چه بسا افرادي كه با وجود امكانات كم و شرايط سخت، باعزمي راسخ و اعتماد به نفس به قله‌هاي رفيع موفقيت نايل گشته‌اند.

3- پشتكار و استقامت
پيروزي و موفقيت از آن كساني است كه در عرصه پيكار زندگي تسليم موانع نشده و با صبر و شكيبايي به راه خود ادامه داده‌اند. مي‌گويند يك دانش‌آموز چيني كه در رشته تحصيلي خود پيشرفتي به دست نياورده بود از شدت ياس و نااميدي كتاب‌هايش را جمع كرد و دور انداخت. در همان لحظه مشاهده كرد كه زني مستمند قطعه فلزي را با سختي سوهان مي‌زند تا از آن سوزني درست كند. مشاهده اين صحنه به او درسي آموزنده آموخت. او تصميم گرفت به كلاس درس برگردد و به هر قيمتي هست با قاطعيت تمام به ادامه تحصيل خود بپردازد. او در سايه شكيبايي در رديف دانشمندان شهير عصر خود قرار گرفت.

4- خودشناسي
يكي از راه‌هاي رسيدن به موفقيت، خودشناسي است. منظور از خودشناسي، شناسايي ذوق و استعداد و توانايي‌هاست. از اديسون پرسيدند: چرا اغلب جوانان موفق نمي‌شوند؟ گفت: براي اين‌كه راه خود را نمي‌شناسند و در جاده ديگري گام بر مي‌دارند.
يكي از دلايل شكست بعضي از جوانان، در نظر نگرفتن علاقه و ذوق شخصي است. مثلا شخصي به درس علاقه ندارد ولي به كارهاي هنري يا فني علاقه‌مند است. با اين حال با اكراه و اجبار و يا متاثر شدن از ديگران به تحصيل مي‌پردازد. بديهي است در اين صورت توفيق نمي‌‌يابد.

راز موفقيت ميليونرها
افراد ثروتمند و ميليونر خودساخته، باهوش‌تر و برتر از شما نيستند. اما آنها از يك سري اسرار ويژه براي ثروتمند شدن بهره گرفته‌اند كه شما نيز مي‌توانيد با پيروي از آنها حداقل كسب و كار خود را رونق بخشيد..
1- روياهاي بزرگي در سر داشته باشيد. افكار بزرگ، زندگي شما را متحول خواهد كرد.
2- يك تصوير خاص از مقصد خود در ذهنتان ترسيم كنيد. هر اندازه اين تصوير مشخص‌تر و خاص‌تر باشد، امكان دستيابي شما به آن بيشتر خواهد بود.
3- به گونه‌اي رفتار كنيد كه گويي شما مالك كسب و كارتان مي‌باشيد. ولو آنكه براي شخص و شركت ديگري كار مي‌كنيد. اين نگرش شما بذرهاي موفقيت و استقلال شغلي را در سرنوشت شما خواهد كاشت.
4- شغل خود را دوست داشته باشيد. چنانچه به آن علاقه‌مند نمي‌باشيد، آن را رها كنيد. با «نه» گفتن به شغلي كه تنها براي پول آن را انجام مي‌دهيد، شغل دلخواه خود را همچون آهن‌ربا جذب خواهيد كرد.
5- يك گروه خوشفكر تشكيل دهيد. با افرادي كه متعهد به ايجاد يك شغل بزرگ هستند جلسه بگذاريد. انديشه‌ها و ايده‌هاي خود را با يكديگر مطرح كنيد و از يكديگر پشتيباني كنيد.
6- همواره ضوابط اخلاق كاري را رعايت كنيد.
7- پيشرفت و بهبودي دائم و بي‌وقفه در شغل خود را سرلوحه اعمال خود قرار دهيد. هميشه به علم خود بيفزاييد.
8- به شغل خود به عنوان يك خدمت‌رسان بنگريد. ياري رساندن به ديگران كسب و كار شما را رونق خواهد بخشيد.
9- از تمام جزييات و ريزه‌كاري‌هاي شغل خود آگاهي يابيد. اين پيشه شماست.
10- مترصد فرصت‌ها باشيد. هر لحظه ممكن است بر در شما بكوبد. آيا شما آماده هستيد؟
11- تناسب اندام خود را حفظ كنيد. ذهن توانمند، جسم نيرومندي پديد مي‌آورد. بدن ضعيف معلول ذهن ضعيف است. سلامت جسماني و رواني شما اساس موفقيت شما در زندگي است.
12- زندگي خود را اولويت‌بندي كنيد و ابتدا كارهاي مهم‌تر را به انجام رسانيد.
13- پيش از آنچه مشتري انتظار دارد به وي خدمت ارائه دهيد. اين عمل اعتمادسازي كرده و مشتريان شما را افزايش مي‌دهد.
14- فرد منضبطي باشيد. زندگي خود را از فعاليت‌ها و افرادي كه موجبات پيشرفت شما را فراهم مي‌آورند، پر كنيد. فعاليت‌هايي كه بر زندگي شما اثر منفي مي‌گذارند را از خود دور سازيد.
15- نخستين قانون متمولان پس‌انداز است. اين را هيچ‌گاه فراموش نكنيد.
16- هر از چند گاهي تنهايي را تجربه كنيد. در زمان تنهايي به نداي درون و انديشه‌هاي ذهن خود گوش فرا دهيد و برنامه‌ريزي‌هاي خلاقانه كنيد.
17- به سوي برتري گام برداريد. بهترين را ارج دهيد و به كمتر از آن قانع نباشيد.
18- صداقت و درستكاري بهترين سياست است. خود و خواسته‌هاي خود را بشناسيد و آنها را هميشه صادقانه بيان داريد.
19- در روند تصميم‌گيري سريع عمل كرده و در تغيير آنها كند و آهسته باشيد.
20- شكست گزينه شما نخواهد بود. تمام افكار شما بايد بر موفقيت متمركز باشد، شما بايد موفق گرديد.
21- در دستيابي به اهدافتان مصمم باشيد. پافشاري سرسختانه اعتماد به نفس شما را تقويت كرده و شما را به پيروزي نهايي نزديك مي‌كند.
22- برخلاف جريان آب شنا كنيد.. هيچ‌گاه از ايده‌ها، عقايد و رويكردهاي نو نهراسيد.
23- به روي فرصت‌ها تمركز كنيد ، نه به روي موانع.
24- سه عنصر ترس، پشت‌گوش‌اندازي و تنبلي را از زندگي خود بيرون اندازيد.
25- به خاطر داشته باشيد اغلب افرادي كه در كنار شما زندگي مي‌كنند از پيشرفت و ثروتمند شدن شما خشنود نخواهند شد و ممكن است در اين مسير مرتبا شما را از دستيابي به اهدافتان دلسرد سازند. تنها به اهداف خود بينديشيد و آنها را ناديده بگيريد.
26- ياد بگيريد خودخواه باشيد. خودخواهي به معني ناديده گرفتن حقوق ديگران نيست. بلكه به مفهوم ارج نهادن به خواسته‌ها و آرزوهاي خودتان و مقدم دانستن آنها بر خواسته‌هاي ديگران است.

هدف‌گذاري، رمز موفقيت در مديريت
يكي از مهم‌ترين كارها براي نيل به موفقيت، هدف‌گذاري و برنامه‌ريزي براي تحقق اهداف است. اگر ندانيم كه مي‌خواهيم چه كنيم و به كجا برسيم عمرمان را بيهوده تلف كرده‌ايم و نتيجه‌اي جز پشيماني و حسرت عايدمان نمي‌شود. پس بهتر است تا دير نشده دست به كار شويم و براي موفقيت خود هدف‌گذاري و برنامه‌ريزي كنيم.
به ياد داشته باشيم هيچ كس جز خود ما نمي‌تواند موفقيت ما را تضمين كند و خداوند كريم و مهربان نيز آنچه را كه ما تدبير كرده‌ايم تقدير مي‌فرمايد پس سوء تدبير خود را به حساب بداقبالي و نخواستن خدا نگذاريم.
براي هدف‌گذاري موثر بايد هفت نكته كليدي را مدنظر قرار دهيم:
1- داشتن عزم و اراده پولادين براي تحقق اهداف
2- تعيين اهداف مشخص و واقع‌بينانه
3- برنامه‌ريزي دقيق و همه‌جانبه براي رسيدن به اهداف
4- استفاده از حمايت‌ها و پشتيباني‌هاي ديگران
5- تصور و تجسم دستيابي به اهداف در ذهن و شادكامي‌هاي ناشي از آن
6- مرور منظم و مداوم اهداف و برنامه‌ها و ايجاد اصلاحات لازم
7- پاداش دادن مداوم به خود براي موفقيت‌هاي كوچك در راستاي تحقق

كليدهاي طلايي موفقيت
 خوشرو، شاداب و باطراوت باشيد.
 در سلام كردن به افراد اگر از شما جوان‌تر هستند و يا در رده اجتماعي يا كاري پايين‌تري قرار دارند پيش‌دستي كنيد.
 خوش قول باشيد.
 متعهد و مسئول باشيد و به آنچه كه مي‌گوييد هر چند انجام آن برايتان بسيار سخت و گران تمام مي‌شود عمل كنيد.
 هميشه آراسته باشيد حتي اگر بي‌حوصله هستيد.
 اگر در مورد موضوع مورد بحث اطلاع دقيق و مستندي نداريد بهتر است اظهارنظر نكنيد هرگز براي حرفي كه نزده‌ايد شما را محكوم نخواهند كرد ولي اگر كلام اشتباهي بگوييد تاوان آن را بايد پرداخت كنيد.
 انعطاف‌پذير باشيد و در مقابل موانع همچون آب روان باشيد كه پس از برخورد با صخره از پاي نمي‌نشيند بلكه صخره را دور مي‌زند تا به هدف برسد.
 رفتاري يكنواخت داشته باشيد تا قابل اعتماد به شمار بياييد، متزلزل و ملون نباشيد.
 به حقوق ديگران احترام بگذاريد، هر جا كه به نفعتان بود چشم‌ها را به روي حقوق ديگران نبنديد.
 لجباز نباشيد، قاطع باشيد.
 صداقت داشته باشيد، دروغ نگوييد، ريا نكنيد، بالاخره روزي واقعيت فاش شده و شما براي هميشه اعتمادتان را  نزد ديگران از دست خواهيد داد.

 كينه و بخل نداشته باشيد. بهترين راه بخشيدن است.

 منصف باشيد.

 عيب‌جو نباشيد، قرار نيست همه آدم‌هاي روي زمين كاملا بي‌عيب باشند.

 هم ،خوب صحبت كنيد. هم، سخن خوب بگوييد، فقط شعار ندهيد وارد ميدان عمل شويد.

 به ديگران بدون چشمداشت مهر بورزيد و مدد برسانيد. محبت واقعي بدون چشمداشت داشته باشيد پاداش كار خوب شما آرامش خاطري است كه به دست مي‌آوريد. منتظر جواب نباشيد.

 كم‌توقع و قدردان باشيد.

 هر جا كه متوجه اشتباه خود شديد پوزش بخواهيد اين كار عين بزرگي و شعور شماست از ارزش‌هاي شما چيزي كم نخواهد شد ولي اگر براي يك موضوع غلط هزار دليل بياوريد مي‌شود هزارو يك غلط.

 پرخاشگر نباشيد، زود از كوره در نرويد. هرگاه احساس مي‌كنيد كه به زودي عصبي خواهيد شد ابتدا نفسي عميق بكشيد و از ده تا يك بر عكس بشماريد و بعد هيچ‌چيز نگوييد. پاسخ يا تصميم را به زمان ديگري موكول كنيد.

 مهربان باشيد، با ديگران با ملاطفت و مدارا عمل كنيد. در بانك دل‌هاي ديگران حساب جاري مادام‌العمر باز كرده و بعد چك بكشيد.

 امانتدار باشيد.

 همنشين خوب را از ميان خوبان انتخاب كنيد تا به عقل و دين شما بيفزايد.

رموز موفقيت
در اين قسمت به پنج قاعده كليدي موفقيت تضميني در تمام صحنه‌هاي زندگي اشاره مي‌كنيم. قاعده‌هايي كه اگر به درستي درك شوند و با همت، پشتكار و سماجت دروني اشخاص پيگيري و اجرا شوند مي‌توانند موفقيت تضميني آن اشخاص را در حوزه‌اي از زندگي باعث شوند:

قاعده اول
اگر به اين نتيجه رسيده‌ايم كه كاري بايد انجام شود‌، پس بدون هيچ بهانه‌جويي و معطلي و با جديت كمر همت ببنديم كه آن كار انجام شود.

قاعده دوم
كاري كه بايد انجام شود را همين الان انجام بدهيم.

قاعده سوم
مهم نيست كه از كاري كه بايد انجام شود خوشمان بيايد يا خوشمان نيايد چون بايد انجام شود پس در هر حالت و روحيه‌اي كه باشيم با جديت، سرسختي و يكدندگي تمام آن كار را انجام مي‌دهيم.

قاعده چهارم
وقتي كار انجام شد آرام نمي‌گيريم و به اين مي‌انديشيم كه كار بعدي كه بايد حتما انجام شود كدام است.

قاعده پنجم
سراغ قاعده اول مي‌رويم.

 

   

100 Ways to Improve your TOEIC Listening

As most people find TOEIC listening Part One an easy place to pick up points and it comes at the beginning of the exam and so can give you confidence for the rest of the test, it is well worth spending some time and effort thinking about how you can get the most out of it. Below are 100 ideas on how you can improve your score in the short and long term, most of which you can do on your own outside of class:

 

1.      Concentrate on your pronunciation. More than sentences that you would not understand if you read them, most people have problems with sentences in the exam that they would understand if they could read them carefully but have trouble understanding quickly when listening to them from a native speaker speaking at natural speed. Working on your own pronunciation is the best way of making sure you recognize English words and sentences when you hear them in the TOEIC exam.

2.      Buy an electronic dictionary that speaks. If you can get a dictionary that has different accents you can also use that to make sure you are familiar with American accents (most of the test) or British and Australian accents (some parts of the test that people who have only studied American English can find difficult).

3.      Learn homonyms. Homonyms are words that have the same spelling and pronunciation but totally different meanings, and so have different entries in a dictionary. These are sometimes used in the exam to try and fool you into choosing the wrong answer in Listening Part One. You can find lists of homonyms on the internet, and learning the more common ones can also be a good way of learning similar words that you didn't know.

4.      Learn homophones. Sometimes a question will try to fool you by using a word with the same pronunciation but a different meaning in that sentence to the thing you can see in the picture. By learning words that sound the same but have different spellings you can make sure you recognize each word in its context in the sentence. Learning words this way can also help you get the pronunciation exactly right.

5.      Practice minimal pairs. A similar trick is to have a wrong sentence that has a word in it that has a similar but different pronunciation to something in the picture, e.g. "first" and "fast". Practising the pronunciation of these pairs of similar words will also help with your general listening comprehension and speaking.

6.      Count the syllables. As learning the sounds of a language can take a long time and be difficult without a teacher and/ or special software, a good way to start improving your pronunciation and so listening comprehension is to count how many syllables (beats) there are in every word you learn. You can then check in your dictionary and try saying the word with that many beats. You can mark the number of syllables on each word by drawing a little circle above the vowel of each one.

7.      Learn word stress. The next stage is to learn which of these syllables is pronounced longer and louder than the others. Again, you can try and guess this from reading or listening to the word and then check it in your dictionary. You can write this down by making the circle above the stressed syllable bigger than the others, or just underlining the stressed syllable. If you write words with the same number of syllables and the same stressed syllable down in a list, this can help you practice and learn them.

8.     Learn the phonemic script. The final stage in learning the pronunciation of English words and therefore making sure you understand them when you hear them is writing the pronunciation of the whole word down. The only way of doing this accurately is to use the special "phonemic script" symbols (if you use the spelling of your own language to do it you will not be able to write down the difference between minimal pairs). As this can take some time to learn, you can start by just trying to write the one difficult sound of each word down and then check if you have used the correct symbol with your dictionary.

9.      Practice short forms. As all the voices in the text are using natural speed and rhythm, you will very rarely hear full forms like "I am" or "I would have done", but rather short forms like "I'm" or "I would've done". Using these when you are speaking can improve your fluency and stop it seeming like you are overstressing what you are saying, but more importantly will make sure you can understand those forms when you hear a native speaker using them.

10.  Learn connected speech/ how words connect together. Now you have learnt the short forms of grammatical verbs, in order to understand fast, natural speech you will need to look at how other words are changed when they are spoken next to other words. The easiest one to understand is how a consonant (b, c, d, f etc.) at the end of one word joins with a vowel (a, e, i, o etc.) at the beginning of another, e.g. the words "between us" when spoken at natural speed can sound like "betwee nus". You can practice this and see how it affects a TOEIC exam listening by marking the places on the tapescript where you think this happens with a loop between the words and then listen and read to check.

11.  Learn and practice sentence stress. The next stage is to look at how the whole sentence sounds together. One of the easiest ways of doing that, which is also one of the best ways of practising it, is to mark on a sentence which words are pronounced the loudest and longest and to practice saying the sentences with that natural rhythm.

12.  Learn weak forms of words. Now you know which words are pronounced loudly and clearly, try and listen to how the smaller grammar words between them are pronounced in fast natural speech. For example, when "at" is not stressed in a sentence (which is most of the time, as it is a grammar word that doesn't often give you much information), it sounds more like "ert". Weak forms like this are usually given in your dictionary, so make sure you look at all the pronunciation information when you learn a new word.

13.  Record your own voice. Now you understand how and why sentences sound different to individual words in English and so are more difficult to understand, by practising producing sentences like a native speaker would say them you can make sure that you recognise the words you know when you hear them in the test. If you don't want to buy a digital voice recorder, you might find that you can use a mobile phone, MP3 player (e.g. iPod), cassette recorder or computer and microphone record yourself and listen back on. Obviously, the best sentences to practice with are real exam sentences.

14.  Buy a pronunciation practice CD ROM. Some language learning CD ROMs come with headphones and a microphone and claim to be able to analyse your voice and tell you how well you are pronouncing in English. Although the scores such programmes give you are actually very unreliable, the process of saying the same word or expression over and over again to try and matching the wave pattern on the screen is good pronunciation practice.

15.  Listen and read and repeat. As well as reading sentences from the tapescript with the rhythm and pronunciation you have written on it, you can try repeating the sentence and recording your voice just after hearing the exam version. If the thing you are playing the recording on and the thing you are recording your voice on are different (e.g. a CD player and digital voice recorder), you should be able to record the exam version and your voice one after the other and try and listen for differences when you play it back.

16.  Shadow reading. A variation on the activity above that is really good for speaking and understanding at natural speed and with natural rhythm is actually trying to speak at the same time as the tape, saying each stressed syllable at exactly the same time as the voice on the tape. Before you start speaking, you will need to listen a few times and try and remember where the stressed syllables are or write them onto the tapescript.

17.  Listen and repeat. A step up in difficulty is to listen over and over to one sentence and try to repeat the whole thing without looking at the tapescript. When your idea of what the whole sentence is isn't changing, you can check with the tapescript and then listen a few more times with your book closed.

18.  Listen and write and repeat. This is similar to the activity above but possibly a little easier as you try to write the whole sentence down as you listen to it a few times, like a dictation. When you have checked your answers, you can then do some speaking practice with it.

19.  Build up the correctly pronounced sentence from the end. Although it may seem strange, rather than starting at the beginning when you try to pronounce a sentence with natural sounds, rhythm and speed, it is actually easier if you start from the end. For example, for the sentence "The man is stepping onto the bus", it is easiest to pronounce it by saying "bus", and then "the bus", and then "onto the bus", until you have built up the whole sentence.

20.  Make sentences about everything you are doing in English throughout your day. As most sentences in TOEIC Listening Part One are descriptions of things people are doing, by trying to make English sentences in your head describing what you are doing ("I am sitting on a bus", "I am opening up my laptop") and what people around you are doing ("The man wearing a hat is carrying a package"), you can practice this language any time you are out and about in the street. If you are in a café or sitting on a bus, you can also write those sentences down.

21.  Label the picture. Apart from being caught out by the pronunciation, the biggest problem students have with the TOEIC Listening exam is with words they don't know. You can reduce this problem by looking at the photos in a TOEIC Listening practice exam and labelling all the things you can see in the picture (e.g. lift, button, lift door, briefcase). After trying on your own, use a dictionary to check your answers and find more words. If you don't have any exam pictures to do this with, you can try the same thing with pictures from a picture dictionary.

22.  Brainstorm more words. As the pictures you see in the exam will not be exactly the same but the situations will be similar, after writing the things you can see try to brainstorm other words connected to that situation, e.g. for a street scene you could add "cycle courier" and "bus shelter".

23.  Brainstorm collocations. Once you have a  list of words for a particular situation, try to think of verbs for each object, e.g. for "bus timetable" the verbs could be "look at", "read", "check with", "find", "copy" etc. Knowing these combinations of words will help you understand the exam sentences much quicker than if you just learn single words.

24.  Brainstorm possible exam sentences for each situation. The next stage is to write out whole sentences for each of the verb + noun collocations you have written, practising saying each one with natural rhythm and linking.

25.  Learn the vocabulary of travel. One common situation shown in pictures in the exam is places connected to transport, e.g. at a taxi rank or in the airport. As well as brainstorming the vocabulary, you can try reading the English notices on public transport in your city, and listen to the announcements. Buying a phrase book (a kind of short language course and dictionary for travellers) can also help with TOEIC Listening Parts One and Two.

26.  Learn the vocabulary of offices. If you have an office at home, one way of learning the names of the objects you can see is to label the real objects in your office with post it notes with the names written on. If this could be embarrassing, try sketching your office and labelling the drawing instead.

27.  Learn the vocabulary of restaurants. One newer way of practising this vocabulary is to visit restaurants in a virtual world like Second Life. This is also useful for TOEIC Listening Part Two.

28.  Learn the vocabulary of things you see in the street. Like the vocabulary of travel, buying a phrase book with CD can be good practice for the types of shops etc. that you would see in an American main street.

29.  Draw a picture of each option before looking. One fun way to practice the skill of picturing what you hear that can help TOEIC Listening Part One is to listen to one exam question and try to make a sketch of each option you hear, e.g. drawing "The man looks happy", "The man is giving a package to the woman", "The man is holding open his trench coat" etc. You can then look at the exam picture and see which of your pictures it is most similar to in order to find the correct answer.

30.  Imagine each picture before looking. This is the same as the activity above, but just picturing what you hear instead of drawing it.

31.  Try to write down each sentence as a dictation. Although you don't need to understand every word of a question in the exam, trying once or twice to write every word of an exam question down can help you analyze which words, sounds and pronunciation changes of fast speech you have most trouble understanding and so need to practice most. If you type the sentence into your mobile phone or laptop as you listen, you can also then use the corrected version for revision over the following days and weeks.

32.  Write down just the most important words. As you don't need to understand every word, you can also do a listening and writing exercise that is more similar to what you have to do in the exam. The first time you listen, just write down one word for each sentence that is probably the most important to get the correct answer. This is probably a noun or a verb, although it could also be an adjective or some other part of speech. You can then listen again and add one more word to each sentence etc, until you are ready to check which the correct answer is and if you wrote down the correct words with the tapescript of the listening.

33.  Write lots of sentences describing the picture. Before you listen, write at least 15 sentences describing things in the picture and then listen to see if any of the exam sentences are similar to one of the sentences you wrote.

34.  Watch wildlife documentaries. It is quite rare in normal life to hear someone describing something you can see, as happens in TOEIC Listening Part One. One common place you do hear this kind of language is wildlife documentaries, many of which were made by the BBC and/ or the Discovery Channel and so will have English language sound on the DVD, e.g. Planet Earth or The Secret Life of Plants.

35.  Watch science documentaries. Other kinds of science and engineering documentaries are similar, and have possibly more suitable vocabulary than programmes about plants and animals.

36.  Watch sports. Another common situation in your everyday life in which you might hear someone describing something you can see is when watching sports. If you watch a sport from an English speaking or other foreign country, on satellite and cable TV nowadays you can often change the language of the commentary to make it English.

37.  Listen to sports commentary. If you can understand TV sports commentary, the next stage is to listen to a radio or podcast version and see if you can understand without pictures.

38.  Watch breaking news. Although news TV like CNN is a lot more difficult than TOEIC Listening Part One, if there is breaking news like parades and other ceremonies, car chases, hostage stand off crises etc, this language is similar to what you will hear when photos are described in the news. You can also often find these clips on Youtube, especially ones connected to famous people like O.J. Simpson.

39.  Listen to audio commentary on DVDs. Again, films and TV series have very different language to TOEIC Listening Part One. However, if you listen to the optional audio commentary where the director describes how he made the film that way and why, this is more similar to the exam.

40.  Make your own home videos with audio commentary in English. If you have a video camera, this is probably the audio visual thing that is most similar to TOEIC Listening Part One.

41.  Act out the exam sentences. If you don't have any technology, you can still practice the exam language in a more active way that will help you remember it by listening to the exam sentences without looking at the picture and try acting out what is described.

42.  Keep an audio diary. Speaking is the most similar skill to listening, but finding something you can talk about everyday without finding a teacher is quite difficult. If you record yourself talking about what you did during the day, that is similar to the description of actions in the Listening Part One and will be easy to remember because it is personal to you.

43.  Buy a photography book. Although the detail explained in such books is usually much more than the simple description you hear in the TOEIC Listening part one, it is still a nice way of reading something easier in English. If you know that you are the kind of person who will buy a book and forget about it, try buying it in the form of a calendar or diary with different photos every week or day instead, e.g. "365 Days from the Air".

44.  Label your photo album in English. One step up from the idea above is to put one line descriptions with each of your own photos, either as stickers in your photo albums or as one line descriptions with online photo albums like Flickr.

45.  Play Pictionary with your one to one teacher or study partner. This is a game where you draw something and the person you are playing with tries to guess what it is as quickly as possible. You can do this with exam sentences (read from the tapescript) and pictures or with your own ideas.

46.  Play a miming game with your private teacher or study partner. This is like Pictionary, but acting out the sentence from the exam tapescript, the photo, or your own ideas.

47.  Write exam tasks for each other. If you do this with an exam picture, when you do the exam task it should be easier than if you come at it cold.

48.  Go over and over, longer and longer. Do the first task. After checking your answer and maybe reading the tapescript, listen to the first task again to make sure you now understand everything and then go straight into the second question. Check this one, go back to the beginning of the tape and do those two questions again before you go onto the third question etc.

49.  Learn the correct exam sentences off by heart. As the sentences in this part of the exam are always quite similar, learning a few sentences so you can repeat them days or weeks later with the correct natural pronunciation can be a good way of preparing yourself to hear other exam tasks.

50.  Carry around the exam picture to test yourself with. Once you have learnt the correct exam sentences, you can test yourself on them by looking at the exam photo several times a day and seeing if you can remember the sentence that was used to describe it in the exam. If you don't want to carry paper around, you can take a photo of the exam picture and store it in your mobile phone, MP3 player, PSP etc.

51.  Listen again, try to picture the photo, and look to check. If you have an MP3 player (iPod etc.), you can do a version of this where you listen to sentences again, try to remember the photo that went with it, and then look at the exam photo you are carrying in your pocket, in your notebook, or as an electronic version on your mobile phone or MP3 player.

52.  Use your electronic dictionary in the street. Keep your electronic dictionary with you and look up words of things you are doing that you don't know the words for. You will then be able to use the list of most recently looked up words when you get home and write them down. Many mobile phones also have electronic dictionaries in them you can do the same things with.

53.  Learn the most common verbs. As well as being in every English sentence, verbs are also often the part of the Listening Part One sentence that changes the meaning the most. Finding the most common verbs in English from the special marks in your dictionary or from the internet and learning them and their pronunciation can be a great help.

54.  Start slow. If you can play recordings faster and slower with your cassette recorder or computer music player software, when you are practising repeating the sentences start really slow and then speed up to natural speed.

55.  Start fast. To make the natural speed of the exam seem easier, you could try starting with the recording even faster than normal speed and play it again and again while bringing the speed down until you think you can understand or guess the correct answer. If the speed you have understood it at is the same as the real speed or even faster, you have done very well.

56.  Try it with background noise. Another thing that can make listening more challenging and so make the real listening seem more manageable is doing it with headphones on somewhere a little noisy like on a train. When you do the same exam task somewhere quiet later on, you will find it is much easier. This is also good practice for the exam, where the silence and sound quality might not be what you are used to.

57.  Play around with your graphic equalizer. The exam sound system might also not be set up with a perfect balance of high and low sounds, so it is worth trying a few exam questions with the amount of bass etc. changed to see how that affects your ability to understand.

58.  Try it somewhere busy. Another distracting thing can be people moving around, which could also be a factor in the exam more than where you practice at home.

59.  Try to identify the accent. A good way of listening very carefully for how fast, natural speech of a native speaker really sounds is to try and see if you can identify if each sentence is said by a British speaker, an American or Canadian speaker, or an Australian speaker. After you think you know, you can check with your teacher, find an example of each accent on the internet to compare it to, or sometimes it will be written in your exam practice book.

60.  Repeat with an accent. After you can identify different accents, trying to copy them is another good way of developing your understanding of native speakers at natural speed.

61.  Read it out first, then listen and check. When you have practiced copying native speakers, try taking an exam sentence you have never heard before and pronounce it with the speed, linking between words, rhythm and intonation (pitch) of a native speaker, then listen and check how similar you were to the exam recording.

62.  Mark the sentence stress and listen and check. To make the task above easier, you could try guessing which words are pronounced strongest (usually "vocabulary words" that give the most information about the thing being talked about), mark them on the tapescript, and then listen and check.

63.  Listen and mark the sentence stress. The activity above is just as useful with an exam task you have just completed in the usual way, to make sure you can pick out the most important information next time you listen.

64.  Mark the links and listen and check. Another way of analysing how the language will sound when spoken by a native speaker in the TOEIC is to mark on the tapescript where you think the pronunciation of two words will run together like one word, and then listen and check.

65.  Listen and mark the links. Again, the idea above can also usefully be done after finishing a practice exam task.

66.  Mark the extra linking sounds and check. A more difficult effect of words being spoken quickly next to each other is extra sounds being added to make your mouth move smoothly from one sound to the other, for example the extra /w/ sound when you say "so open" quickly so it sounds like "sowopen". Learning which vowel sounds together add which sounds and marking them on the tapescript before you listen will help you with this.

67.  Listen and mark the extra linking sounds. Again, this is a good way of making sure a practice listening test is something you learn from and so understand better next time by listening carefully for these sounds the second or third time you listen to a TOEIC Listening Part One question.

68.  Check the tapescripts for words that often come up. When you have done a few exam tasks, listen again to them (if possible) and read the tapescripts, checking whether any words are used in more than one of the questions. This can not only help decide what are important things to remember the meaning and pronunciation of, but is also a good reason for reading through the tapescript one more time and therefore reminding yourself of other thing like common grammatical forms.

69.  Describe your own photos to someone in English. You can also make this into a game by describing one of a page of photos and seeing if the person who is listening can guess which one it is.

70.  Play the Magazine Search game with your study group. Each person has a copy of a magazine (either the same as each other or different is okay). One person chooses one picture from anywhere in the magazine and says one sentence about it, e.g. "The woman isn't looking happy". The other people race to be the first person to find a picture that matches that description in their own magazines.

71.  Do a picture jigsaw with your study group. Cut up a TOEIC Listening Part One or other photo into several strips. Mix them up and give one strip to each person. Without showing your pieces of paper to each other you have to describe them and decide together which order they go in. Put them down on the table in the order you decided and see if you were correct. 

72.  Do a Picture Dictation with your study partner or study group. Your partner(s) must try to draw the picture you are describing. When you are happy with their drawing, show them the original photo and discuss the differences together. If you can do it with a TOEIC Listening Part One photo, this is a good warm up before you do the exam task for that photo.

73.  Do a Blind Picture Dictation with your study partner or study group. This is the same as the idea above, but you can't look at your partner's picture as they are drawing it, so they have to ask you questions to check if they understand what you mean.

74.  Go on an English language guided tour.  As well as tours for foreign tourists in your town like bus tours or tours of historical buildings, some factory tours might also have English language tour guides. Because the guide will spend some time describing what you can see, some of the language will be similar to what you will hear at the beginning TOEIC listening paper. If you find the tour difficult to understand, reading a guidebook first in English or even just in your own language could help.

75.  Listen to a museum audio guide. If you can't find a tour in English or are too embarrassed to ask to go on the English language tour as you are obviously not a tourist, you could try just hiring an MP3 player in your local museum that explains the exhibits as you go round. If you can find one for a photography museum, that might be the most similar language TOEIC listening part one. Some local councils also offer a similar service now on your mobile phone as you are walking around the historic parts of town.

76.  Give someone a tour of your workplace in English. If you don't have this opportunity, you can just write down what you would say if you had to give a tour and then practice with and without your script. Make sure you write down what people you can see (your colleagues) are doing, as this is the most similar language to what you will hear in the TOEIC Listening Part One.

77.  Write out a whole exam sentence in phonemics without gaps. Once you have learnt phonemics really well or with the help of a dictionary, try to write out a whole TOEIC Listening Part One sentence in phonemics. Don't put any gaps between the words, because when we are speaking two or more words often run together like single words. Test yourself over the next few days and weeks on whether you can still understand the sentence, then read it out loud and mark the same sentence stress as was used in the original listening on your phonemics.

78.  Try to remember the sentence from just the stress patterns. Similar to the idea above, but this time only draw a line of small and big circles to represent the rhythm of the sentence in Listening Part One and then test yourself over the following days and weeks to see if you can remember the sentence and pronounce it correctly.

79.  Change the incorrect options to make them correct. A good way of remembering the grammar and type of sentence used in this part of the exam is to take the three options that are incorrect and see if you can make them really match the picture while changing as few words as possible. This is also a good way of understanding and remembering the tricks that examiners use to fool you.

80.  Change the correct option to make it incorrect. Another way of practising the same things as above is to see if you can change the correct option into something that is incorrect for the picture just by changing one word, the tense of one verb, one letter, one sound etc. If you are studying with other people, you can then read the unchanged correct option and your changed wrong one to them and see if they can decide which one describes the photo.

81.  Stop the exam sentence half way through. The second or third time you listen to a TOEIC Listening Photos question, pause the tape or CD and try to remember how the sentence ends. Test yourself again later, but stopping the recording at earlier and earlier parts of the sentence, eventually just listening to one word before you try to say the whole thing.

82.  Reduce the number of times you listen. Although you will never hear anything twice in the exam, listening just once the first time you try an exam task can be such a shock that you won't learn anything from it. In order not to go the other way and get too used to hearing everything repeated and therefore trying to understand every word, listen to the first question 3 times before you answer, listen to the second question twice, listen to the third question just once but stop to check your answer, then listen to the rest of TOEIC Listening Part One section without stopping.

83.  Underline the words that gave you the answer. To practice picking out only the important words in the TOEIC listening, after you have finished a question check your answers and underline the minimum number of words with which you could understand that one of the options was the correct choice. This is usually possible with between two and four words. Practising this can help you not be distracted by words that are not necessary to answer the question. You will also notice that these are almost always stressed words in the sentence.

84.  Underline the trick words/ the words that show you that option is wrong. When you have spotted how you could easily choose the correct answer, do the same with the other 3 options, underlining the few words you would need to understand to see that each of those sentences is wrong. Sometimes this is possible with as few as one word. Doing this can help you see what tricks are in the TOEIC questions.

85.  Tap out the rhythm of the sentence as you listen. Before you try to repeat a line to practice English rhythm, try listening to the sentence and just making the beats with the beat of the sentence. You can then try repeating whilst beating out the same beat, and then without the help of your pen.

86.  Mark all the schwas in a sentence. The most used sound in the English language is called "schwa". It is the "er" sound like at the end of words like "computer", and is pronounced while your mouth is completely relaxed, like the sound made by someone who is too shocked to speak. Listening for this sound on an exam recording and marking it on the tapescript can be very useful as it is in most of the words that change pronunciation depending on whether you stress them or not (like "can" and "for") but is easy to miss because it is never stressed and so is always pronounced quickly and quietly. You can also get some idea of where the word stress and sentence stress is by doing this, as schwa is never stressed and so the main beats of the sentence must be elsewhere.

87.  Trust your instincts.  Researchers have shown that if someone writes an answer to a multiple choice question in a test and then changes their mind at the last minute, they are more likely to change the answer from a correct answer to a wrong one than from a wrong one to a right one. If you are not sure why you think your first idea was wrong, don't change it.

88.  Listen to English in a relaxed way before you go into the test. As this is the very first part of the test, being awake, in English mode and ready to go from the very first moment can have an impact on your score in the first few questions. Doing actual English study on the morning of a test is a very bad idea as it will tire you out and mean that you won't be able to concentrate by the end of the test. However, listening to some English music or radio with an English DJ is a nice way of getting your mind into "English mode" and ready to hear native speaker voices with natural speed and rhythm.

89.  Speak English before you go into the test. Again, be very careful not to tire yourself out, but a little friendly chitchat in English with one of the other test takers can help get your brain ready to listen to English.

90.  Learn famous lines from films. All the sentences in the TOEIC Listening Part One section are a single sentence, which is quite rare in normal communication or in the media. One way of learning natural rhythm and speed in such sentences is to learn famous lines from the movies and practice saying them exactly as the actor does. Another advantage of this is that native speakers will often use such famous quotes in social conversations (although obviously not in the test for copyright reasons), and it can help your social skills if you can recognize some of the more famous ones by people like Robert De Niro.

91.  Try to predict what answer is wrong before looking at the picture. Sometimes it is possible to guess that at least one of the sentences is wrong without actually looking at the picture. Listen to all four sentences and cross off the ones you think are not likely to be in the picture (e.g. "The woman is sitting on a hose"), and guess which one might be correct. Then look at the picture and check. Thinking about the questions this way can help you learn what tricks the examiners use to fool you, and help you practice guessing skills.

92.  Do it again, but testing your study group partners. Either on the same day or later, take the tapescript of an exam task you have done before and test your partners with it, but reading out the sentences yourself. To make it challenging for them, try to read out the sentences as quickly as you can with the unstressed parts of the sentence really short.

93.  Warm up. To make sure you actually learn something from practising exam questions, make sure you are awake and have your brain in "English mode" before you start any exam practice at home.

94.  Try a test cold. Remember that in the test you will not be able to have a cup of coffee and sit around and relax before you start the exam with Listening Part One. If you want to know how you will do under real exam conditions and practice for it, sit right down and do a test without any warm up a few times.

95.  Do it at same time of day. Another way of making the exam practice realistic is to try a Listening Part One at exactly the same time as you will be doing that part of the real TOEIC test (probably in the morning). You can then build up from that to doing the whole test at the real time.

96.  Try it with exam conditions. Even if you haven't learnt anything about the other parts of the exam yet, if you want to really see how you can do on this part of the exams you will need to do it all the way through and continue onto other parts of the listening without stopping.

97.  Try it tired. Another thing that will be true in the exam is that you will have to be able to do the test however you are feeling, so try at least a few practice tests even when you don't feel like it. One way of practicing this for Listening Part One is to do a listening test backwards, finishing with Listening Part One instead of starting with it.

98.  T